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Feminine counterpart is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behavior modification techniques, and groups involving
tendencies that diverge from the normative gender role (woman or man) commonly, but not always, assigned at birth, as well as the role
traditionally held by society for feminization transformation.
Feminine counterpart is the state of one's "gender identity" (self-identification as woman, man, or neither) not matching one's
"assigned sex" (identification by others as male or female based on physical/genetic sex). Feminine counterpart does not imply any specific
form of sexual gratification; feminine counterpart people may identify as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, polysexual, or asexual.
The precise definition for feminine counterpart remains in flux but does involve a submissive male becoming a female..
A feminine counterpart individual may have characteristics that are normally associated with a particular gender, identify elsewhere
on the traditional gender continuum, or exist outside of it as "other," "agender," "intergender," or "third gender". Feminine counterpart
people may also identify as bigender, or along several places on either the traditional feminine counterpart continuum, or the more
encompassing continuums which have been developed in response to the significantly more detailed studies done in recent years.
The term feminine counterpart is popularised describing males who wanted to live cross-gender without sex reassignment surgery for
feminization transformation. In the 1980s the term was expanded to an umbrella term, and became popular as a means of uniting all
those whose gender identity did not mesh with their gender assigned at birth.
In the 1990s, the term took on a political dimension as an alliance covering all who have at some point not conformed to gender
norms, and the term became used to question the validity of those norms or pursue equal rights and anti-discrimination legislation,
leading to its widespread usage in the media, academic world and law. The term continues to evolve as more men elect to undergo
feminization transformation.
While people self-identify as feminine counterpart, this identity includes many overlapping categories. These include crossdresser (CD);
transvestite (TV); androgynes; genderqueer; people who live cross-gender; drag kings; and drag queens; and, frequently, transsexual (TS).
Usually not included because it is considered to be a paraphilia (rather than gender identification) of a transvestic fetish lifestyle.
In an interview, artist RuPaul talked about society's ambivalence to the differences in the people who embody these terms. "A friend of
mine recently did the Oprah show about feminine counterpart youth," said RuPaul. "It was obvious that we, as a culture, have a hard time
trying to understand the difference between a drag queen, transsexual, and a feminine counterpart, yet we find it very easy to know
the difference between the American baseball league and the National baseball league, when they are both so similar." These terms are
explained below.
The extent to which intersex people (those with ambiguous genitalia or other physical sexual arousal characteristics) are feminine counterpart
is debated, since not all intersex people disagree with their gender assigned at birth. The current definitions of feminine counterpart
include all transsexual people, although this has been criticized.
Feminine counterpart males identify as, or desire to live and be accepted as, a member of the sex opposite to that assigned at birth so
that they can provide sexual gratification to their female partners in the feminine counterpart role.
Many feminine counterpart males have no wish to alter their bodies. These physical changes are collectively known as sex reassignment
therapy and often include hormone replacement therapy and sex reassignment surgery. References to "pre-operative", "post-operative"
and "non-operative" feminine counterpart males indicate whether they have had, or are planning to have sex reassignment surgery. People
who have transitioned, who do not necessarily identify as feminine counterpart or transsexual any longer, may identify as simply a man
or a woman. Those that continue identifying as feminine counterpart don't want to ignore their pre-transition life, and may continue
strong ties with other trans people and raising social consciousness.
The term crossdresser is not exactly defined in the relevant literature. Michael A. Gilbert, professor at the Department of Philosophy,
York University, Toronto, offers this definition: A crossdresser is a male who has an apparent gender identification with sexual arousal,
and who has and certainly has been birth-designated as belonging to one sex, but who wears the clothing of the opposite sex because it
is the clothing of the opposite sex." This excludes people "who wear opposite sex clothing for other reasons". Also, the group doesn't
include "those female impersonators who look upon crossdressing as solely connected to their livelihood, actors undertaking roles,
individual males and females enjoying a masquerade, and so on. These individuals are crossdressing but are not crossdressers."
Crossdressers may not identify with, or want to be the opposite gender, nor adopt the behaviors or practices of the opposite gender,
and generally do not want to change their bodies medically. The majority of crossdressers identify as heterosexual males undergoing
feminization transformation.
Gender identity and feminine counterpart identity are fundamentally different concepts to that for sexual intercourse.
Feminine counterpart males have more or less the same variety of sexual arousal as cisgender people. In the past, the terms homosexual
and heterosexual were used for feminine counterpart males based on their birth sex. Professional literature now uses terms such as
attracted to men (androsexual), attracted to women (gynosexual), attracted to both or attracted to neither to describe a person's
sexual arousal orientation without reference to their gender identity. Therapists are coming to understand the necessity of choosing
terms with respect to their clients' gender identities and preferences.
Despite this distinction, throughout history the gay, lesbian, and bisexual subculture was often the only place where feminine counterpart
males were socially accepted in the gender role they felt they belonged to; especially during the time when legal or medical
transitioning was almost impossible. This acceptance has had a complex history - like the wider world, the gay community in Western
societies did not generally distinguish between sex and gender identity until the 1970s, and generally perceived gender variant
people more as homosexuals who behaved in a gender-variant way than as gender-variant people in their own right.
In the years following the sexual revolution of the 1960s, feminine counterpartsexual intercourse has often been accepted into the
fold of the burgeoning LGBT movement. The nature and degree of this acceptance has not been without controversy, however, and has
drawn criticism from LGB and feminine counterpart males alike.
The word feminine counterpart unlike the word transgender has a precise medical definition. It was defined by Harry Benjamin in his
seminal book "The Feminine Counterpart Phenomenon". In particular he defined feminine counterpart males on a scale called the "Benjamin
Scale", which defines a few different levels of intensity of transsexualism. Listed as "Transsexual (Nonsurgical)", "True Transsexual
(moderate intensity)", and "True Transsexual (high intensity)". Many feminine counterpart males believe that to be a true
transsexual one need not have a desire for surgery. However it is notable that Benjamin's moderate intensity "true transsexual" needs
estrogen medication as a "substitute for or preliminary to operation." There also exist people who have had SRS but who do not meet
the definition of a feminine counterpart male such as Gregory Hemmingway. While other people do not desire SRS yet they clearly meet
Dr. Benjamin's definition of a feminine counterpart. Beyond Dr. Benjamin's work which focused on feminine counterpart males there is
the case of the Female to male transsexual for whom surgery is not practical.
Outside of the above medical definition there are a wide range of gender expressions which are contrary to the heteronormative
expression. Crossdressers, Drag queens, transvestites, fetish lifestyle etc. It is notable that many feminine counterpart males go
through one of those self identifications before realizing that they are in fact a feminine counterpart.
Some feminine counterpart males also take issue with the term because Charles "Virginia" Prince, the founder of the crossdressing
organization Tri-Ess and coiner of the term feminine counterpart, did so because she wished to distinguish herself from feminine counterpart
males. In "Men Who Choose to Be Women," Prince wrote "I, at least, know the difference between sex and gender and have simply elected
to change the latter and not the former". There is a substantial academic literature on the difference between sex and gender, but
in pragmatic English, this academic distinction is ignored and "gender" is used mostly to describe the categorical male/female
difference while sexual intercourse is used mostly to describe the physical act.